被蚂蚁咬了,孩子立刻被送去医院抢救,却不幸去世……这种小蚂蚁一定要小心!
去年10月,美国佐治亚州一个2岁的小女孩在院子里玩耍时被蚂蚁咬了。小蚂蚁竟然引发了过敏反应,父母见状立刻送她去医院急救。然而,小女孩最终还是不幸去世。让孩子迅速发病去世的蚂蚁,是臭名昭著的红火蚁。
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2023年6月,在广西钦州,一名干活时被红火蚁咬伤的旅客在车站候车时,双腿无力突然倒地,全身红肿,图源:广西新闻频道
图源:cisr.ucr.edu
图源:Mississippi State University Extension Service
红火蚁自发组成的“救生筏”,图源:TheCoz
( a ) 蜇伤后5分钟,蜇伤部位出现凸起;( b ) 18小时后,出现典型的脓疱;( c ) 48小时后;( d ) 蜇伤后7天。图源:参考资料[6]
便携式肾上腺素自动注射器
严重过敏反应会导致喉咙和呼吸道肿胀,造成呼吸困难。肾上腺素有助于放松呼吸道肌肉,使其扩张,使呼吸更顺畅,也有助于提高心率,稳定心脏功能并防止心脏骤停。
图源:Tokyogirl79
首先远离被蜇的区域,以免再次被蜇。
不要抓挠伤口,以防感染。
可用肥皂和清水轻轻清洗伤口,去除毒液。
可冰敷被蜇部位以缓解肿痛,每次冷敷约15~20分钟。
使用相应的药物或药膏来止疼,或者缓解瘙痒。
注意观察是否有过敏反应,如呼吸困难、面部肿胀或全身反应,若出现这些症状,应该立即就医。
参考资料:
[1] Bella, T. (2023, June 28). Woman dies after stepping on fire ants at her Georgia home. Retrieved June 16, 2025, from The Washington Post website: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/06/28/fire-ants-death-georgia-woman-weed/
[2] Dumas, D. (2025, March 24). Fire ant sting hospitalisations surge post-Cyclone Alfred as reports of first pet death also emerge. Retrieved June 16, 2025, from the Guardian website: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/24/queensland-fire-ant-sting-hospitalisations-cyclone-alfred
[3] Roberts, D. (2023, December 8). Fire ants are on the march. Here’s what happens when they sting. Retrieved June 16, 2025, from The Conversation website: https://theconversation.com/fire-ants-are-on-the-march-heres-what-happens-when-they-sting-218908
[4] Fire Ant Allergy | AAAAI. (2025). Retrieved June 15, 2025, from Aaaai.org website: https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/fire-ant-allergy
[5] Fire Ant Stings – Ant Pests. (2020). Retrieved June 16, 2025, from Extension.org website: https://ant-pests.extension.org/fire-ant-stings/
[6] Lopez, D. J., Winkel, K. D., Wanandy, T., Nunen, S. van, Perrett, K. P., & Lowe, A. J. (2024). The Human Health Impacts of the Red Imported Fire Ant in the Western Pacific Region Context: A Narrative Review. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 9(4), 69–69. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9040069
[7]Fire Ants - Fort Smith National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service). (2024). Retrieved June 15, 2025, from Nps.gov website: https://www.nps.gov/fosm/learn/nature/fire-ants.htm
[8] Insect Allergy. (2024, June 6). Retrieved June 15, 2025, from Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America website: https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/insect-allergy/
[9] Nichols, J. (2025, March 21). Self-treatment model criticised as fire ant attacks “explode” in Queensland’s suppression zone. Retrieved June 16, 2025, from Abc.net.au website: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2025-03-22/fire-ant-treatment-service-bites-attacks-invasive-species/105082576
[10] AcqMarketing. (2024, January 3). Gregory Pest Solutions. Retrieved June 15, 2025, from Gregory Pest Solutions - Pest Control and Extermination Services website: https://smarterpestcontrol.com/blog/fire-ants-fun-facts/