News last week (04.13—04.19)

 新冠疫情 COVID-19

●新冠病毒疫苗研发情况：我国已有三个疫苗获批进入临床试验

Three coronavirus vaccines have been approved for clinical trials in China

陈薇院士团队的腺病毒载体疫苗首个获批进入临床研究，已于3月底完成了一期临床试验受试者的接种工作，并于4月9日开始招募二期临床试验志愿者，这是全球首个启动二期临床研究的新冠疫苗品种。4月12日，国家药监局批准了中国生物武汉生物制品研究所和中国科学院武汉病毒研究所联合申请的新冠病毒灭活疫苗，也进入了临床试验。4月13日又批准了北京科兴中维生物技术有限公司研制的灭活疫苗开展临床试验。（中国政府网）

The adenovirus vector vaccine of academician of CAS Chen wei's team was approved to enter clinical research for the frst time. It has completed the inoculation of subjects in phase I clinical trial at the end of march and started to recruit volunteers for phase II clinical trial on April 9. This is the world's first coronavirus vaccine variety to launch phase II clinical study. On April 12, National Medical Products Administration approved the coronavirus inactivated vaccine jointly applied for by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co.,LTD. and Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS, and entered clinical trials. On April 13, the inactivated vaccine developed by Sinovac Research & Development Co.,Ltd was approved for clinical trial. (gov.cn)

●武汉一周核酸检测约38万，无症状感染者比例不足万分之八

Wuhan tested about 380,000 people for COVID-19 in a week, and the proportion of asymptomatic infection is less than eight in ten thousands

武汉市委常委、常务副市长胡亚波表示：解封七天来，一共做了22.6万人次的核酸检测，其中查出无症状感染者130人，比例大概是万分之5.7。另外复工复产的企业自发组织了员工去做核酸检测，做了14.3万人次，发现113名无症状感染者，这个比例大概不到万分之8。同时把每一个无症状感染者，都当确诊病例一样进行流行病学调查，对他们的密切接触者也进行了随机的核酸检测，目前没有一例是阳性反应。（中国新闻周刊）

Hu Yabo, member of the standing committee of the Wuhan municipal party committee and executive vice mayor, said that in the seven days since the ban was lifted, a total of 226,000 people have been tested for COVID-19, of which 130 were found to be asymptomatic, or 5.7 in 10,000. In addition, the restarted companies spontaneously organized their employees to have tests, which were carried out 143,000 times. 113 asymptomatic infections were found, which is less than 8 in 10,000. At the same time, every asymptomatic infected person, as a confrmed case of epidemiological investigation, their close contacts were also carried out random testing, so far no positive reaction. (inewsweek.cn)

●专家建议新冠肺炎愈后至少3个月再考虑生育

Experts advise patients cured of COVID-19 to wait at least 3 months before giving birth 

近来有一些研究认为，新冠病毒理论上可能会影响生殖系统。北京大学援鄂抗疫国家医疗队领导组组长乔杰院士表示：“从现在得到的数据看，影响还是相对较小。疫情中考虑到标本自身的风险问题，我们研究的数量相对较少，目前的证据还不确凿。但我们建议感染新冠肺炎后治愈的患者，最好还是三个月到半年之后再进行生育。”（央视新闻）

Some recent studies suggest that the coronavirus could theoretically affect the reproductive system. Qiao Jie, academician of CAS, said that "Judging from the data we have so far, the impact is still relatively small. Considering the risk to the specimens themselves, the number of studies we have done is relatively small, and the evidence so far is inconclusive. However, we recommend that patients cured of COVID-19 infection should wait three months to six months before giving birth." (CCTV news)

科学 Science

●量子计算工作温度提升，制冷成本从数百万美元骤降至数千美元

As the operation temperature of quantum computation rises, the cost of cooling has plummeted from millions of dollars to thousands

4月16日，世界顶级学术期刊、英国《自然》杂志发表了两篇论文，用同样的方法提高了量子计算的工作温度，一篇是1.5开尔文，一篇是1.1开尔文。1.5开尔文等于-271.65摄氏度，当然还是很“冷”。不过，这已经比谷歌、IBM等主流公司使用超导量子比特技术的工作温度高出了15倍。这种提升在量子世界里会呈现出极端放大效应，相对应的制冷成本从数百万美元骤降至数千美元。可以说，这为量子计算机从实验设备走向现实应用解决了一个重要障碍。（澎湃新闻）

On April 16, the British journal Nature, one of the world's leading academic journals, published two papers that raised the temperature of quantum computing in the same way, one at 1.5 kelvin and one at 1.1 kelvin. 1.5 kelvin is -271.65 degrees Celsius, which of course is still cold. Still, that's 15 times hotter than mainstream companies like Google and IBM that use superconducting qubit technology. This increase would be extremely amplifed in the quantum world, with the corresponding cooling costs plummeting from millions to thousands of dollars. It can be said that this overcomes an important obstacle for quantum computers to move from experimental devices to practical applications. (thepaper.cn)

●Nature封面：宇宙物质起源的证据找到了

Nature: Evidence of the origin of matter in the universe has been found

人类发现的物理规律是对称的，那么对称的定律就会让大爆炸产生的正物质和反物质一样多。但正物质和反物质遇到一起就“灰飞烟灭”，所以如果正反物质一样多，宇宙不会有质子电子，更不会有原子，更不会有生命诞生。来自日本、美国、俄罗斯等12国的T2K团队，经过十年的累计观察发现，是中微子打破了这种对称性，而宇宙终极的不对称性可能就藏在中微子的不对称中。这一爆炸性的最新研究，登上了最新一期Nature封面。（量子位QbitAI）

The laws of physics discovered by humans are symmetric, and the laws of symmetry would have allowed the big bang to produce as much positive matter as antimatter. But matter and antimatter go up in smoke together, so if there were the same amount of matter, there would be no protons, no electrons, no atoms, and no life. Over the course of a decade, the T2K team from 12 countries, including Japan, USA and Russia, found that it was neutrinos that broke this symmetry, and that the ultimate asymmetry of the universe may be hidden in neutrino asymmetry. The explosive new research makes the cover of the latest issue of Nature. (QbitA)

●2亿年前“喷出”的二氧化碳与本世纪排放量预估值相当

The amount of carbon dioxide spewed out 200 million years ago is about the same as projected emissions for this century

发生在三叠纪末最著名的事件，就是生物集群绝灭事件（约2.01亿年前）。在这次大灭绝中，无论海洋生态系统还是陆地生态系统，都有大部分物种死亡。英国《自然·通讯》杂志近日发表一项环境学研究称，三叠纪末火山喷发向大气中释放的二氧化碳（CO2），可能与21世纪人为造成的CO2排放量预估值相当。如此大量的CO2可能促使了三叠纪末全球变暖、海平面上升和海洋酸化。研究人员认为，三叠纪末由大规模火山CO2排放驱动产生的气候及环境变化，可能类似于在人为造成的全球变暖场景下所预测的变化。（科技日报）

The most famous event that happened at the end of the Triassic was the extinction of a biological cluster (about 201 million years ago). In this mass extinction, most species died in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Volcanic eruptions at the end of the Triassic period may have released as much carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere as estimates of man-made CO2 emissions in the 21st century, according to an environmental study published in the British journal Nature Communication. The tremendous amount of CO2 have contributed to global warming, sea-level rise and ocean acidifcation at the end of the Triassic beriod. The researchers believe that climate and environmental changes at the end of the Triassic period, driven by CO2 emissions from massive volcanoes, may have been similar to those predicted in the context of man-made global warming. (digitalpaper.stdaily.com)

●NASA派出“火星直升机”

NASA plans to send Mars rotorcraft

“火星直升机”是NASA“火星2020”探测任务的一部分，它的旋翼长1.2米，搭载太阳能板和无线通讯系统，总重仅1.8千克。本次任务将测试在火星大气层中使用飞行器的可能性。火星大气层非常稀薄，密度不到地球的百分之一。毅力号火星探测器将于2020年7月发射，预计在2021年2月18日抵达火星。（iDaily）

The perseverance rover, a rotorcraft that will go to Mars, included in NASA's Mars 2020 mission, is 1.2 meters long, equipped with solar panels and wireless communications, and weighs just 1.8 kilograms. The mission will test the posibility of using a spacecraft in the Martian atmosphere. lts atmosphere is very thin, less than one hundredth as dense as earth's. The perseverance rover will launch in July 2020 and is expected to arrive on Mars on February 18, 2021. (iDaily)

●300光年外发现了一颗地球大小的行星

An earth-sized planet has been discovered 300 light years away

科学家通过分析NASA开普勒望远镜收集的数据，发现了一颗地球大小的系外行星。这颗行星名为Kepler-1649c，距离地球大约300光年。在开普勒望远镜发现的所有系外行星中，从大小和表面温度来说，系外行星Kepler-1649c和地球最为相似。Kepler-1649c围绕着一颗红矮星运行，公转周期只有19.5个地球日，这颗红矮星尽管比我们太阳小很多，但由于Kepler-1649c距离其恒星很近，能获得相当于地球75%的光照，这意味着这颗系外行星表面的温度和我们相似。（NASA爱好者）

Analyzing data collected by NASA's Kepler telescope, scientists have discovered an earth-sized exoplanet. The planet, known as 

kepler-1649c, is about 300 light years from earth. Of all the exoplanets discovered by Kepler, Kepler-1649c is the most earth-like in terms of size and surface temperature. Kepler-1649c orbits a red dwarf star with an orbit period of just 19.5 earth days. Although much smaller than our sun, Kepler-1649c is so close to its star that it gets 75 percent of earth's light, meaning the exoplanet's surface temperatures are similar to ours. (NASA enthusiast)